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Pacemaker wires and electrodes. A follow-up study.

H Grendahl, E Sivertssen

    Acta Medica Scandinavica. Supplementum
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pacemaker electrode complications, including dislocations and high thresholds, occur early and late. Epicardial and endocardial electrodes show varying complication rates over time, with wire breaks being common in unipolar types.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Device Technology

    Background:

    • Permanent pacing is crucial for managing bradyarrhythmias.
    • Pacemaker electrode longevity and reliability are critical for patient outcomes.
    • Understanding complication rates informs device selection and patient management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the long-term function and complication rates of pacemaker electrodes.
    • To compare early and late complications associated with different electrode types.
    • To identify factors contributing to pacemaker electrode failure.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 362 patients with permanent pacemakers.
    • Follow-up on pacemaker electrode function time and connection to pulse generators.

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  • Categorization of complications into early (pre-implantation to 3 months) and late (post-3 months).

    • Main Results:

    • Early complications included 10% dislocations pre-generator implantation and 6% within 3 months.
    • High threshold values required correction in 11% pre-implantation and 6% within 3 months.
    • Late complications for Elema EMT 588 electrodes included dislocations (4%), high thresholds (4.5%), wire breaks (3 cases), and insulation defects (4 cases).

    Conclusions:

    • Pacemaker electrode complications are observed both early and late after implantation.
    • Elema EMT 588 endocardial electrodes demonstrated specific late complication patterns.
    • Conventional unipolar electrodes showed wire breaks as a frequent late complication.