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Acute interstitial pneumonia.

D Bouros1, A C Nicholson, V Polychronopoulos

  • 1Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.

The European Respiratory Journal
|March 8, 2000
PubMed
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Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is a severe lung disease causing rapid respiratory failure, often mistaken for other conditions. This review clarifies its distinct pathology and grave prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pathology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is an idiopathic interstitial lung disease.
  • It presents as rapid-onset respiratory failure, distinct from chronic forms.
  • AIP is synonymous with Hamman-Rich syndrome in patients without prior lung disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the clinical and pathological distinctions of AIP.
  • To address the confusion in terminology surrounding AIP.
  • To highlight the grave prognosis of acute interstitial pneumonia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and pathological findings in AIP.
  • Comparison of AIP with similar conditions like ARDS and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.

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  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges and terminological inconsistencies.

    • Main Results:

    • AIP exhibits diffuse alveolar damage histopathologically.
    • Radiological and physiological similarities exist between AIP and ARDS.
    • High mortality rate (>70% within 3 months) despite mechanical ventilation.

    Conclusions:

    • AIP requires precise diagnostic criteria to differentiate it from other rapidly progressive pneumonias.
    • Accurate terminology is crucial for effective patient management and research.
    • Understanding AIP's unique characteristics is vital due to its poor prognosis.