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Real-time three-dimensional electrical impedance imaging.

R S Blue1, D Isaacson, J C Newell

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA. blue@crd.ge.com

Physiological Measurement
|March 17, 2000
PubMed
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Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) images internal body structures. A new 3D algorithm, ToDLeR, uses multiple electrode layers to significantly reduce image distortions caused by out-of-plane structures.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) reconstructs internal body images from surface electrical measurements.
  • Current EIT algorithms often neglect the 3D nature of current flow, leading to image distortions.
  • Current can flow out of the electrode plane, affecting image accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel 3D inverse problem reconstruction algorithm for impedance imaging.
  • To address and mitigate image distortions caused by out-of-plane current flow in EIT.
  • To improve the accuracy of EIT by accounting for three-dimensional current distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the ToDLeR (Tomography of Direct/Linearized) reconstruction algorithm for linearized 3D inverse problems.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Modeled the body as a homogeneous cylinder, analytically solving for 3D current flow from multiple electrode layers.
  • Implemented ToDLeR on the ACT3 real-time imaging system and tested with a 3D phantom using one, two, and four electrode layers.

    • Main Results:

    • Using multiple electrode planes with the 3D algorithm significantly improved accuracy and reduced sensitivity to out-of-plane objects.
    • An out-of-plane target caused a 35% artifact with a single electrode layer, reduced to less than 10% with an additional layer and 3D current patterns.
    • The 3D algorithm effectively minimized distortions from structures outside the primary electrode plane.

    Conclusions:

    • The 3D reconstruction algorithm, ToDLeR, effectively reduces image distortions in electrical impedance tomography.
    • Employing multiple planes of electrodes in conjunction with the 3D algorithm enhances imaging accuracy.
    • This approach offers improved performance for EIT by accounting for the full three-dimensional current flow within the body.