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Pathologic damage in MS assessed by diffusion-weighted and magnetization transfer MRI.

M Cercignani1, G Iannucci, M A Rocca

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, University of Milan, Italy.

Neurology
|March 17, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) reveals significant tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and subtle abnormalities in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). Magnetization transfer (MT) and DWI offer complementary insights into MS brain pathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) alters white matter integrity, affecting water molecule diffusion.
  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is sensitive to these microstructural changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare diffusion characteristics in MS lesions, normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), and control white matter.
  • Investigate correlations between magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and diffusion coefficient (D) in MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired conventional dual-echo, DWI, and MT scans from 35 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 24 controls.
  • Coregistered scans to quantify MTR and D values in lesions and NAWM.
  • Generated histograms of MTR and D for comparative analysis.

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Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited significantly higher D values in all brain regions studied.
  • Histogram metrics for D differed substantially between MS patients and controls.
  • Lesional D and MTR were markedly different from NAWM in MS patients, with an inverse correlation between lesion MTR and D.

Conclusions:

  • DWI effectively detects severe tissue disruption in MS lesions and subtle abnormalities in NAWM.
  • MT and DWI provide distinct yet complementary information regarding MS neuropathology.