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Immunostimulatory sequence oligodeoxynucleotide: A novel mucosal adjuvant.

A A Horner1, E Raz

  • 1Department of Medicine and The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Aging, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0663, USA.

Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|March 24, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Immunostimulatory sequence oligodeoxynucleotide (ISS-ODN) is a promising mucosal adjuvant for vaccines. Intranasal delivery with ISS-ODN generates strong mucosal and systemic immunity without significant toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Infectious agents often enter the body through mucosal surfaces, necessitating strategies for mucosal immunity.
  • Developing effective mucosal vaccines requires adjuvants for nonreplicating immunogens, but safe and potent human options are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate immunostimulatory sequence oligodeoxynucleotide (ISS-ODN) as a safe and effective mucosal adjuvant.
  • To assess the immune responses induced by intranasal delivery of antigen with ISS-ODN.

Main Methods:

  • Intranasal (i.n.) co-delivery of antigen with ISS-ODN.
  • Assessment of local (respiratory) and distal (intestinal, vaginal) secretory IgA responses.
  • Evaluation of systemic immune responses, including Th(1)-biased immunity and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity.

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Main Results:

  • ISS-ODN induced significant secretory IgA responses in respiratory, intestinal, and vaginal secretions.
  • ISS-ODN demonstrated comparable efficacy to cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant but with significantly lower toxicity.
  • Intranasal co-administration of antigen and ISS-ODN promoted a robust Th(1)-biased systemic immune response with cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity.

Conclusions:

  • ISS-ODN is a potent mucosal adjuvant that elicits both local and distal mucosal immunity.
  • ISS-ODN represents a safe and effective alternative to existing adjuvants like CT for vaccine development.
  • ISS-ODN holds significant potential for creating vaccines against mucosal pathogens.