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Insulin glargine.

P S Gillies1, D P Figgitt, H M Lamb

  • 1Adis International Limited, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, New Zealand.

Drugs
|March 24, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin glargine, an extended-action insulin, offers improved glycemic control and a flatter action profile compared to NPH insulin. It is effective for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with a lower risk of hypoglycemia.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Insulin glargine is a long-acting biosynthetic human insulin analog.
  • Its formulation allows for gradual absorption from subcutaneous tissue, with zinc further delaying this process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine compared to Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin.
  • To assess its impact on glycemic control in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Main Methods:

  • Euglycemic clamp studies to characterize time-action profiles.
  • Four large clinical trials (up to 28 weeks) in type 1 diabetes.
  • Three comparative trials in type 2 diabetes (monotherapy or with oral agents).

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Main Results:

  • Insulin glargine demonstrated a later onset, longer duration, and flatter time-action profile than NPH insulin.
  • In type 1 diabetes, insulin glargine was as effective or more effective than NPH in improving glycemic control.
  • Comparable reductions in HbA1c and fasting blood glucose were observed in type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulin glargine or NPH insulin.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin glargine is an effective treatment for improving glycemic control in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Insulin glargine was generally well-tolerated, with a reported lower incidence of hypoglycemia, particularly nocturnal hypoglycemia, compared to NPH insulin.