Effect of column filtration upon the quality parameters of fresh dog semen

We filtered dog semen through various resin columns to obtain a quick, simple system for improving semen quality. Fresh ejaculates were filtered through columns with either glasswool or a chemically-inert polypropylene network disc. The columns were filled with Sephadex G-15 (nonionic resin), Sephadex A-50 (anionic-exchange resin), Sephadex C-50 (cationic-exchange resin) or a combination of Sephadex A-50 and C-50. Filtration through glasswool improved semen quality, with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the percentage of viability and decrease in the percentage of altered acrosomes (P < 0.001) and total abnormalities (P < 0.001). Total motility was not modified, but curvilinear velocity or linearity of the movement were improved using the glasswool bed. The effect of the glasswool was so intense that it masked the effects of the filtration resins. Substitution of glasswool by polypropylene discs resulted in an unmasking of the effects of the resins, although the polypropylene exerted slight effects on semen. Elution of the spermatozoa through Sephadex G-15 or Sephadex C-50 resulted in a decrease of altered acrosomes. However, filtration through Sephadex A-50 increased viability and decreased the percentage of altered acrosomes and total abnormalities. Combined filtration through Sephadex A-50 and C-50 yielded the combined results observed with the resins individually. Ultrastructural imaging of the interaction between spermatozoa and the beds and resins showed that the cells were loosely deposited upon the glasswool fibers and the Sephadex G-15 particles, whereas close interaction was observed between spermatozoa and Sephadex A-50 and C-50 particles. The whole of the sperm cell bound to C-50 particles, whereas spermatozoa were specifically bonded to A-50 particles in the apical region of the head and in segments of the tail, which were periodically distributed. The data suggest that filtration through glasswool or an anionic resin-exchange can significantly improve dog semen quality.