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Equine immunity to viruses.

J Slater1, D Hannant

  • 1Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. jds1001@cam.ac.uk

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|April 7, 2000
PubMed
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Developing effective equine virus vaccines requires understanding adaptive immunity. Future vaccines for Equine Influenza Virus (EIV) and Equine Herpesvirus (EHV) may focus on cellular immunity and mucosal antibodies for better protection.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Adaptive immune responses are crucial for designing effective equine virus vaccines.
  • Understanding infection-induced immunity and long-term immunity requirements for Equine Influenza Virus (EIV) is essential.
  • New adjuvants and mucosal immune stimulation methods show promise for EIV vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of adaptive immunity in equine viral infections.
  • To identify key immune responses for developing improved vaccines against EIV, Equine Herpesvirus (EHV-1, EHV-2), and Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV).
  • To evaluate the potential of inducing virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody and cellular immunity for protection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of adaptive immune responses to EIV, EHV-1, EHV-2, and EAV.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of the correlation between VN antibody and protection from reinfection.
  • Assessment of the role of cellular immune responses, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), in viral clearance and latency control.

    • Main Results:

    • EIV vaccines show promise with new adjuvants and mucosal immune strategies.
    • Adenoviruses induce circulating VN antibody correlating with protection.
    • For persistent viruses like EHV-1, CTLs are critical for protection against systemic disease and reactivation, while VN antibodies are limited to mucosal surfaces.

    Conclusions:

    • Future EIV vaccines should incorporate strategies to induce cellular immunity and mucosal VN antibodies.
    • EHV-1 vaccine development must prioritize CTL stimulation for effective disease control.
    • CTLs are likely important for controlling persistent infections of EHV-2 and EAV, alongside VN antibodies for EAV initial infection.