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Risk factors for acute symptomatic coccidioidomycosis among elderly persons in Arizona, 1996-1997
J A Leake1, D G Mosley, B England
1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, and Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|April 8, 2000
Summary
Elderly individuals in Arizona with coccidioidomycosis (fungal infection) spent less time in the state and had higher rates of certain health conditions. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for at-risk populations.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Coccidioidomycosis incidence increased in Arizona's elderly population between 1990-1996.
- Risk factors for coccidioidomycosis in this demographic were not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors for coccidioidomycosis in individuals aged 60 years and older in Arizona.
- To inform early diagnosis and treatment strategies for at-risk elderly populations.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted.
- Cases: 89 laboratory-confirmed coccidioidomycosis patients (≥60 years).
- Controls: 91 geographic controls (random-digit dialing) and 58 laboratory-negative controls.
Main Results:
- Elderly coccidioidomycosis patients spent significantly less time in Arizona compared to controls.
- Cases were more likely to have congestive heart failure, cancer, a history of smoking, or corticosteroid use than geographic controls.
Conclusions:
- Recent movers to Arizona and elderly individuals with chronic illnesses are at higher risk for coccidioidomycosis.
- Awareness among patients and physicians can improve early diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
- Vaccination may offer future protection once available.