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Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Pediatric sleep-related breathing disorders.

A H Messner1, R Pelayo

  • 1Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.

American Journal of Otolaryngology
|April 12, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) affect children, impacting their quality of life. This review covers SRBD symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Child Health

Background:

  • Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) encompass a spectrum of conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea, upper airway resistance syndrome, and obstructive hypopnea syndrome.
  • These disorders can manifest at any age, presenting unique challenges in pediatric populations.
  • SRBD in children can significantly impair quality of life and potentially lead to serious health complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of sleep-related breathing disorders in children.
  • To discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies for pediatric SRBD.

Main Methods:

  • This abstract is based on a discussion of symptoms, signs, work-up, and treatment.

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  • Literature review and clinical expertise synthesis.

    • Main Results:

    • SRBD represents a continuum of conditions affecting children's sleep and overall health.
    • Early identification and management are crucial to mitigate long-term complications.

    Conclusions:

    • Sleep-related breathing disorders are a significant concern in pediatric health.
    • Understanding the nuances of SRBD in children is essential for effective clinical management.