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Milk and diabetes.

J Schrezenmeir1, A Jagla

  • 1Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Federal Dairy Research Center, Kiel, Germany.

Journal of the American College of Nutrition
|April 12, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Cow's milk consumption may play a role in type 1 diabetes development. Breastfeeding appears protective against type 2 diabetes, while dairy intake's impact varies, with low-fat options potentially beneficial.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease influenced by environmental factors, with cow's milk consumption a debated contributor.
  • The role of milk proteins in T1D pathogenesis is explored, with conflicting findings in human and animal studies.
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) etiology is less clear, but breastfeeding and dairy consumption show varied associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence linking milk intake and dairy products to type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • To discuss potential mechanisms involving milk proteins and fatty acids in diabetes development.
  • To synthesize findings from ecological, case-control, and population studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ecological, case-control, and population-based studies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of immunological responses to cow's milk proteins.
  • Examination of epidemiological data on breastfeeding and dairy consumption.

    • Main Results:

    • Ecological studies suggest a link between cow's milk consumption and T1D prevalence.
    • Breastfeeding shows a negative correlation with T1D in some studies, but findings are inconsistent.
    • Exclusive breastfeeding is associated with lower T2D rates in Pima Indians; low-fat dairy may reduce T2D risk, while high-fat dairy could be pathogenic.

    Conclusions:

    • The role of cow's milk in T1D requires further investigation, considering immune responses to specific proteins.
    • Breastfeeding appears protective against T2D, highlighting early-life nutrition's importance.
    • Dietary fat composition, particularly from dairy, warrants consideration in diabetes prevention strategies.