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Enteric infections in Singapore with special reference to typhoid
The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
|September 1, 1978
Summary
Enteric infections like typhoid and salmonella remain common in Singapore despite sanitation improvements. Amoebic dysentery has declined, while Vibrio parahaemolyticus and cholera are significant concerns.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Enteric infections pose a persistent public health challenge globally.
- Singapore has experienced significant improvements in environmental sanitation.
- Understanding the epidemiological trends of enteric infections is crucial for effective control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiological features of major enteric infections in Singapore.
- To identify trends and factors influencing the prevalence of these diseases.
- To inform public health strategies for disease control.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of epidemiological data on enteric infections.
- Analysis of trends in incidence and prevalence.
- Correlation with environmental sanitation and public health interventions.
Main Results:
- Typhoid, paratyphoid, Salmonella gastroenteritis, and Shigellosis remain endemic.
- Amoebic dysentery has shown a marked decline.
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus emerged as a significant foodborne pathogen since 1973.
- El tor cholera introduction is linked to regional travel and trade.
Conclusions:
- Despite sanitation advancements, endemic enteric fevers persist.
- Targeted interventions, including carrier detection and food handler controls, are vital for typhoid management.
- Emerging pathogens and imported diseases like cholera require ongoing surveillance and control measures.