Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune cholangitis.

Clinics in liver disease·2001
Same author

A la carte interferon for hepatitis C?

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2000
Same author

Biotechnologies and liver diseases.

Forum (Genoa, Italy)·1999
Same author

Carbon dioxide embolism following diagnostic hysteroscopy.

Anaesthesia and intensive care·1999
Same author

Focal nodular hyperplasia in a young female.

Journal of hepatology·1999
Same author

Ludwig Symposium on biliary disorders. Autoimmune cholangitis: a unique entity?

Mayo Clinic proceedings·1998

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus
12:02

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus

Published on: October 12, 2013

The hepatic flaviviridae: summary.

S Sherlock1

  • 1Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, UK.

Journal of Viral Hepatitis
|April 12, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins elicit antibodies, but vaccine development is hindered by viral diversity and inadequate immune responses. Combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin shows promise for treating chronic Hepatitis C infection.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins E1 and E2 induce neutralizing antibodies, yet vaccine development remains challenging due to significant viral sequence diversity.
  • The host's immune response, including cellular and humoral immunity, is insufficient to clear HCV, often leading to chronic infection and disease progression.
  • Factors such as age at infection and co-existing conditions influence the natural history of HCV, with transfusion-related transmission generally having a poorer prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges in developing an effective Hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine.
  • To discuss the host immune response to HCV and its limitations in viral clearance.
  • To evaluate current and emerging therapeutic strategies for chronic Hepatitis C.

More Related Videos

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus
12:02

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus

Published on: October 12, 2013

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HCV pathogenesis, immunology, and therapeutic interventions.
  • Analysis of data regarding vaccine development approaches, including plasmid vaccines and virus-like particles.
  • Assessment of clinical outcomes for interferon-based monotherapy and combination therapy with ribavirin.

Main Results:

  • Despite the induction of neutralizing antibodies by HCV envelope proteins, prolonged protective immunity for vaccines has not been achieved.
  • Interferon therapy yields sustained responses in approximately 30% of patients, with combination therapy showing improved outcomes.
  • Ribavirin monotherapy improves liver histology and transaminase levels, with enhanced benefits when combined with interferon, potentially due to immunomodulatory effects.

Conclusions:

  • Developing a successful HCV vaccine is complicated by viral diversity and the inadequacy of the natural immune response.
  • Current treatment strategies, particularly the combination of interferon and ribavirin, offer improved efficacy for managing chronic Hepatitis C.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the long-term benefits of interferon therapy in preventing liver disease progression and the precise mechanisms of ribavirin's action.