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Intentionality detection and "mindreading": why does game form matter?

K A McCabe¹, V L Smith, M LePore

¹Economic Science Laboratory, McClelland Hall 116, 1130 East Helen, P. O. Box 210108, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0108, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|April 13, 2000

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Children's mindreading abilities influence strategic decision-making. Game theory models show cooperation is more frequent in extensive form games due to better intention detection.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Science
Behavioral Economics
Game Theory

Background:

Children develop "mindreading" (theory of mind) around age 4, inferring others' beliefs and intentions.
Game theory often assumes self-interested opponents analyzing games using principles like backward induction.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare behavior in normal form and extensive form games.
To investigate how game representation affects cooperation and intentionality detection, informed by Baron-Cohen's mindreading system theory.

Main Methods:

Comparison of participant behavior in normal form versus extensive form game representations.
Analysis of cooperation and reciprocity in different game structures.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

Consistent behavioral differences observed between normal and extensive game forms.
Cooperation attempts and achievements were more frequent in the extensive form.
Reciprocity was more readily achieved via intentionality detection in extensive form games.

Conclusions:

The psychological equivalence of normal and extensive game forms is questionable.
Game representation significantly impacts strategic behavior, particularly cooperation and reciprocity.