Quantitative measurements in IVUS images

IntraVascular UltraSound (IVUS) is a catheter-based technique which provides real-time high resolution tomographic images of both the lumen and arterial wall of a coronary segment, this in contrast to X-ray arteriography that provides a shadow image (luminogram) of the entire lumen. Nowadays the lumen and vessel parameters are measured manually, which is very time consuming and suffers from high inter- and intra-obser variability. With the continuing improvement in IVUS imaging, it is now feasible to develop and clinically apply automated methods of three-dimensional quantitative analysis of the coronary vessel morphology in an objective and reproducible way with automated contour detection techniques (QCU). Quantification, in 2D and 3D, as well as volume rendering for visualization of the IVUS images requires segmentation of the images (contour detection). The 3D contour detection system described in this article is based on the combination of contour detection in the transversal and sagital view. This article provides some of the basic principles of IVUS, the IVUS image quantification, the three-dimensional reconstruction and the contour detection and quantification in three-dimensional IVUS images.