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Malignancies in Down syndrome.

P Kusumakumary1, T S Vats, R Ankathil

  • 1Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|April 20, 2000
PubMed
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Children with Down Syndrome (DS) have a higher risk of developing cancers, particularly leukaemias. This study examined eight DS children with malignancies, highlighting the need for careful treatment considerations due to increased risks.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Down Syndrome (DS) is linked to a higher occurrence of malignancies, especially leukaemias.
  • Trisomy 21 is the sole cytogenetic abnormality identified in these affected children.
  • Existing research presents conflicting data on the distribution of myeloid versus lymphoid malignancies in DS and their therapeutic responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on a cohort of 8 children with Down Syndrome and malignancies.
  • To analyze the types of malignancies observed in these children.
  • To discuss the implications for treatment strategies in DS patients with cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Case series review of 8 pediatric patients with Down Syndrome and malignancies.
  • Cytogenetic analysis confirming trisomy 21 as the sole abnormality.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Clinical data collection on malignancy types and patient outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Four cases of acute lymphocytic leukaemia, two of acute myeloid leukaemia.
    • One case each of Hodgkin's disease and Wilms' tumour were identified.
    • The study observed a specific distribution of malignancies within this DS cohort.

    Conclusions:

    • The extra chromosome 21 in Down Syndrome is presumed to alter genetic balance, increasing susceptibility to malignancies.
    • Increased methotrexate toxicity in DS patients necessitates tailored treatment protocols.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms and optimize therapy for malignancies in Down Syndrome.