Salmonella typhimurium DT104 from livestock in Japan

We examined the distribution of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) among Japanese livestock from 1973 to 1998. The 144 S. Typhimurium field isolates were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, kanamycin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and norfloxacin. Thirty-six of 68 strains which exhibited resistance to five or more antimicrobials (ACSSuT+) were identified as DT104. Results of plasmid profiling showed that all DT104 strains retain a 90-kb virulence plasmid, while 20 of 36 strains possessed a few additional small plasmids ranging from 2 to 4 kb. These results showed that DT104 strains have existed in Japanese livestock since 1990, and that this phage type may be an important pathogen for cattle in Japan.