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Related Experiment Videos

Laryngeal synkinesis revisited.

R L Crumley1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA.

The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology
|April 25, 2000
PubMed
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Laryngeal synkinesis, a condition following recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, is classified into four types based on vocal fold function. This classification aids in understanding and managing these complex neurological disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Laryngeal synkinesis, first described in 1982, is crucial for diagnosing and treating recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injuries.
  • It explains various vocal fold motion impairments, including hyperadduction, hyperabduction, spasmodic disorders, and tremors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a functional classification of laryngeal synkinesis.
  • To enhance the understanding of pathophysiology and management following RLN injury.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanisms of laryngeal synkinesis post-RLN injury.
  • Development of a functional classification system based on vocal fold behavior and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Laryngeal synkinesis is categorized into four types: Type I (satisfactory voice/airway, poor mobility), Type II (spasmodic folds, unsatisfactory voice/airway), Type III (hyperadducted folds, airway compromise), and Type IV (hyperabducted folds, poor voice, aspiration risk).

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  • This classification distinguishes between favorable and unfavorable outcomes of immobile vocal folds after RLN injury.

    • Conclusions:

    • The proposed functional classification of laryngeal synkinesis improves understanding of post-RLN injury pathophysiology.
    • It provides a scientific foundation for guiding therapeutic strategies and patient management.