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Related Experiment Videos

Implicit word activation during prerecognition processing: false recognition and remember/know judgments.

W P Wallace1, C P Malone, A D Spoo

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA. wallace@unr.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|April 26, 2000
PubMed
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Phonetic similarity influences word recognition memory. Studies show nonwords increase false recognition, especially when sharing initial sounds, suggesting early processing impacts memory.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Recognition memory for spoken words is sensitive to phonetic similarities between studied items and test words.
  • Derived nonwords presented during study lists can elevate false recognition rates for related base words.
  • Phonetic overlap, particularly at the beginning of words, influences false recognition more than at the end.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of prerecognition processing in false recognition.
  • To differentiate between prerecognition and postrecognition contributions to the nonword effect.
  • To examine how semantic relatedness and phonetic activation influence memory judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied lists containing derived nonwords and real words.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Test words varied in phonetic overlap (initial vs. final phonemes) with studied nonwords.
  • Semantically unrelated words, expected to be activated during prerecognition, were used as test items.
  • Participants made Remember (R) or Know (K) judgments for test words.

    • Main Results:

    • False recognition increased for words presumed to be activated during prerecognition processing.
    • Words with initial phonetic overlap with nonwords showed higher false recognition.
    • Remember (R) judgments were high for studied words, while Know (K) judgments dominated false recognitions.
    • Test words not activated during postrecognition processing yielded the lowest proportion of R judgments.

    Conclusions:

    • Prerecognition processing, driven by phonetic activation, significantly contributes to false recognition.
    • The distinction between 'remember' and 'know' judgments reflects different levels of memory processing.
    • Findings support models where early auditory processing influences subsequent memory recognition accuracy.