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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Step-by-step Method for the Reconstitution of an ABC Transporter into Nanodisc Lipid Particles
12:25

A Step-by-step Method for the Reconstitution of an ABC Transporter into Nanodisc Lipid Particles

Published on: August 31, 2012

A new ABC transporter mediating the detachment of lipid-modified proteins from membranes.

T Yakushi1, K Masuda, S Narita

  • 1Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.

Nature Cell Biology
|April 27, 2000
PubMed
Summary

A newly discovered ABC transporter complex, LolCDE, releases lipoproteins from the inner to the outer membrane in Escherichia coli. This ATP-dependent process requires the LolA chaperone and a lipoprotein sorting signal, revealing a novel mechanism in gram-negative bacteria.

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Published on: August 25, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Bacterial cell envelope biogenesis
  • Protein transport mechanisms
  • Molecular microbiology

Background:

  • Lipoproteins are essential components of the bacterial outer membrane in Escherichia coli.
  • Lipoprotein localization is determined by a sorting signal and involves anchoring via a lipid moiety.
  • Outer membrane lipoprotein release from the inner membrane requires the LolA chaperone but the ATPase remains unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the ATPase responsible for releasing outer membrane lipoproteins.
  • To characterize the mechanism of lipoprotein release and its dependence on LolA and sorting signals.
  • To investigate the evolutionary conservation of this lipoprotein release mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstituted proteoliposome assays were used to study lipoprotein release.
  • Biochemical characterization of the LolCDE complex, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter.
  • Analysis of LolA and sorting signal dependency in the release process.

Main Results:

  • The LolCDE complex, an ABC transporter, was identified as the ATPase catalyzing lipoprotein release.
  • Lipoprotein release is dependent on both the LolA chaperone and the lipoprotein's sorting signal.
  • The LolCDE complex functions uniquely among ABC transporters, not mediating transmembrane transport.

Conclusions:

  • LolCDE is a novel ABC transporter essential for outer membrane lipoprotein biogenesis in E. coli.
  • This mechanism of lipoprotein release is distinct from other ABC transporter functions and is conserved in gram-negative bacteria.