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Three-dimensional facial growth studied by optical surface scanning.

S J Nute1, J P Moss

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Dental Institute, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AD, UK.

Journal of Orthodontics
|May 3, 2000
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals significant three-dimensional facial growth differences between boys and girls aged 5-10. Facial height showed the most growth, while mid-face dimensions changed minimally, indicating distinct developmental patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Human Biology
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Understanding craniofacial development is crucial in pediatric medicine and orthodontics.
  • Previous studies often relied on two-dimensional cephalometric analysis, potentially missing soft tissue nuances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the three-dimensional (3D) facial growth patterns in British Caucasian children.
  • To test the hypothesis of sex-based 3D facial differences in children aged 5-10 years.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 132 British Caucasian children aged 5-10 years.
  • Utilized optical surface scanning to capture detailed 3D facial morphology.
  • Superimposed average scans for age and sex subgroups to analyze growth and differences.

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Main Results:

  • Boys generally exhibited larger facial dimensions than girls.
  • Facial height demonstrated the most significant annual increase (3-4 mm).
  • Lower facial dimensions, including mandibular width and prominence, showed notable increases, unlike the relatively stable mid-face.

Conclusions:

  • Significant age and sex-related differences exist in 3D facial morphology during childhood.
  • Facial height and lower face dimensions are key areas of growth, with distinct patterns observed between sexes.
  • Optical surface scanning provides a more comprehensive view of facial growth, including soft tissues, compared to traditional methods.