Transfusion safety in developing countries and the Indian scenario

The AIDS pandemic has brought into focus the importance of safe blood transfusion. The management of an effective transfusion service is an expensive endeavour even in the most developed countries, and is therefore a monumental challenge for developing countries with limited budgets and other priorities. HIV prevalence in the Indian population has shown a steady rise from 0.5% in 1990 to 1.2% in 1997 with the highest prevalence in cities. When the HIV infection was discovered in India in 1986, the health authorities set up the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) with a primary focus on ensuring a safe blood supply. NACO was funded by the World Bank and technically supported by WHO. The supreme Court of India has also taken up the issue of blood safety by banning paid donations by the end of 1997 and established the autonomous National Blood Transfusion Council and the State Transfusion Councils. The Drugs Controller of India and State F.D.A. have issued licences to all blood banks to streamline them after all requirements are met. However, there are a number of blood banks which are operating without licences. While India collects three million units of blood, barely 10% is available as blood components, and only a percentage of the blood is being screened for infectious markers. Nevertheless, there is a general recognition that an improved transfusion service is required in India.