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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

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Viral Recombination

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Influenza01:27

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Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
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Types of Fever

Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:

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Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
05:59

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine

Published on: December 4, 2015

Classical swine fever.

V Moennig1, P Becher, M Beer

  • 1Institute of Virology, OIE and EU Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.

Developments in Biologicals
|May 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Classical swine fever remains a global threat to pig production. Current control strategies face challenges in backyard and wild boar populations, highlighting the need for improved diagnostics and vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Animal Health
  • Disease Control

Background:

  • Classical swine fever (CSF) is a significant transboundary animal disease impacting global pig production.
  • Control strategies are established for domestic pigs, but challenges persist in backyard settings and high-density wild boar populations.
  • Existing diagnostic methods and vaccines, including modified live vaccines (MLVs), are available but have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the persistent challenges in controlling Classical Swine Fever (CSF) in specific pig populations.
  • To highlight the need for advancements in diagnostic tools and vaccination strategies for CSF.
  • To identify remaining gaps in the diagnosis and vaccination against CSF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current control strategies for Classical Swine Fever.
  • Analysis of limitations in existing diagnostic methods and vaccines (MLVs).
  • Exploration of efforts towards developing marker vaccines and accompanying serological tests.

Main Results:

  • Conventional MLVs for CSF provide rapid immunity but do not differentiate between antibodies from vaccination and natural infection.
  • Development of live marker vaccines is ongoing to overcome the limitations of conventional MLVs.
  • Gaps in CSF diagnosis and vaccination strategies have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Effective control of Classical Swine Fever requires addressing challenges in backyard and wild boar populations.
  • The development of marker vaccines is crucial for distinguishing between vaccinated and infected animals.
  • Further research is needed to fill identified gaps in CSF diagnosis and vaccination.