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Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis.

J D Kellner¹, A Ohlsson, A M Gadomski

¹Alberta Children's Hospital, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2T 5C7. jim.kellner@crha-health.ab.ca

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|May 5, 2000

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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Bronchodilators offer a slight short-term clinical improvement for bronchiolitis, but this benefit is minimal. The review suggests caution due to potential biases and the cost-effectiveness of these treatments.

Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Respiratory Medicine
Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

Bronchiolitis is a common acute respiratory infection in infants.
Bronchodilator use for bronchiolitis varies geographically, with common use in North America but not the UK.
The efficacy of bronchodilators in bronchiolitis management requires objective assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the effects of bronchodilators in treating bronchiolitis.
To evaluate the clinical outcomes, hospitalization rates, and duration of hospital stay associated with bronchodilator use.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases up to June 1998.
Included were randomized trials comparing bronchodilators with placebo for bronchiolitis treatment.

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Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.

Main Results:

Eight trials involving 394 children were analyzed.
A higher percentage of placebo recipients showed clinical improvement compared to bronchodilator recipients (75% vs. 46%).
Bronchodilators did not improve oxygenation, hospitalization rates, or duration of hospital stay.

Conclusions:

Bronchodilators provide a modest, short-term improvement in clinical scores for bronchiolitis.
The clinical benefit of bronchodilators appears small and must be considered against their cost.
Potential bias from studies including recurrent wheeze patients may affect results.