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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
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Collection devices for obtaining cervical cytology samples.

P Martin-Hirsch1, G Jarvis, H Kitchener

  • 1University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Whitworth Park, Manchester, UK, M13 0JH.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|May 5, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Extended tip spatulas and cytobrushes improve endocervical cell collection for cervical smears. This enhances the detection of abnormal cells and ensures adequate smear rates, improving diagnostic accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecological Oncology
  • Cytopathology
  • Screening Technologies

Background:

  • Cervical smear false-negative rates vary significantly (1.5%-55%).
  • Sampling device and technique may influence smear adequacy and accuracy.
  • Endocervical cell collection is crucial for detecting cervical abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different cervical sampling devices.
  • To assess their impact on endocervical cell collection.
  • To determine their role in improving adequate smear rates and abnormal cell detection.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, quasi-randomized, and observational comparative studies.
  • Searched Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group trials register, MEDLINE, and handsearched journals up to July 1997.
  • Data abstraction and quality assessment by two independent reviewers.

Main Results:

  • Extended tip spatulas are more effective than the Ayre spatula for collecting endocervical cells (OR 2.25).
  • Cytobrush combined with a spatula significantly improves endocervical cell collection (OR 3.33) and adequate smear rates (OR 1.51).
  • Smears with endocervical cells are more likely to detect dyskaryosis, especially in severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • Extended tip spatulas and cytobrush combinations offer superior endocervical cell collection.
  • Endocervical cell presence is a reliable surrogate for detecting dyskaryosis and ensuring adequate smears.
  • Further trials are needed to compare the disease detection capabilities of extended tip spatulas with and without cytobrushes.