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Related Concept Videos

Induced-fit Model01:13

Induced-fit Model

Most chemical reactions in cells require enzymes—biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without being consumed or permanently changed. They reduce the activation energy needed to convert the reactants into products. Enzymes are proteins, that usually work by binding to a substrate—a reactant molecule that they act upon.
Enzymes exhibit substrate specificity, meaning that they can only bind to certain substrates. This is mainly determined by the shape and chemical characteristics of...
Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that bind the substrates and convert them into products. Many enzymes also...
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...
Introduction To Enzymes01:22

Introduction To Enzymes

The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that bind the substrates and convert them into products. Many enzymes also...
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

So do we understand how enzymes work?

D Blow1

  • 1Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BZ, UK. d.blow@ic.ac.uk.

Structure (London, England : 1993)
|May 10, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biochemical and structural enzyme analysis from 1930-1975 laid groundwork for understanding enzyme action. New computational power is now needed to re-examine fundamental enzyme mechanisms using energetic and thermodynamic approaches.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Enzyme Kinetics

Background:

  • Enzyme studies between 1930 and 1975 established foundational concepts for enzyme action based on biochemical and structural analyses.
  • Progress in understanding enzyme mechanisms was limited by the available computational power for detailed energetic and thermodynamic analyses in aqueous environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the historical development of enzyme action understanding.
  • To identify the need for re-evaluating fundamental questions in enzymology.
  • To emphasize the role of computational advancements in future enzyme research.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of biochemical and structural enzyme studies.
  • Analysis of limitations in early computational power for thermodynamic and energetic assessments.
  • Identification of key areas for future research in enzymology.

Main Results:

  • A clear set of ideas regarding enzyme action was established between 1930 and 1975.
  • Energetic and thermodynamic analysis in aqueous media was computationally constrained during this period.
  • Structural enzymology progressed in parallel but did not fully address fundamental questions of enzyme action.

Conclusions:

  • The foundational understanding of enzyme action requires re-examination.
  • Advancements in computational power are crucial for future progress in enzymology.
  • Fundamental questions regarding enzyme mechanisms necessitate renewed investigation.