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Related Experiment Videos

Adrenomedullary function during cognitive testing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

G M Anderson1, M A Dover, B P Yang

  • 1Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. george.anderson@yale.edu

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|May 10, 2000
PubMed
Summary

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Boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showed lower epinephrine excretion during cognitive tasks. This reduced adrenomedullary activity was linked to inattentive behaviors in children with ADHD.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Epinephrine (EPI) links to classroom performance and cognition.
  • Sympathoadrenomedullary function may be altered in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Previous studies suggest decreased EPI excretion in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis of altered sympathoadrenomedullary function in ADHD.
  • To examine sympathetic and adrenomedullary functioning during cognitive testing in boys with ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed urinary EPI and norepinephrine excretion in boys aged 7-13 during a 3-hour cognitive test battery.
  • Determined excretion rates in 200 individuals with ADHD (DSM-IV criteria) and 51 controls.
  • Included participants with or without co-occurring oppositional defiant/conduct disorder or learning disorder.

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Main Results:

  • Significantly lower urinary EPI excretion was observed in the ADHD-inattentive subtype compared to controls.
  • No diagnostic group differences were found for norepinephrine excretion.
  • Inattention factors negatively predicted urinary EPI excretion in correlational analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support lower adrenomedullary activity during cognitive challenge in individuals with ADHD.
  • The observed alteration in EPI excretion is associated with inattentive behavior in ADHD.