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Surface morphology of the human endometrium. Basic and clinical aspects
G Nikas1, A Makrigiannakis, O Hovatta
1Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Huddinge Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. yorgos.nikas@klinvet.ki.se
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|May 20, 2000
Summary
The endometrium
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Biology
- Cell Biology
- Histology
Background:
- The human endometrium responds dynamically to steroid hormones throughout the menstrual cycle.
- Surface epithelial morphology changes are observable via scanning electron microscopy.
- Pinopodes, a specific ultrastructural feature, emerge during the midsecretory phase.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the ultrastructural changes of the human endometrium.
- To highlight the significance of pinopodes as markers of endometrial receptivity.
- To present novel data on endometrial ultrastructure.
Main Methods:
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe endometrial surface morphology.
- Analysis of published and unpublished data on endometrial ultrastructure.
Main Results:
- Dynamic changes in endometrial epithelium are visualized using SEM.
- Pinopode formation peaks during the midsecretory phase.
- Pinopodes are increasingly recognized as indicators of endometrial receptivity.
Conclusions:
- Pinopodes are crucial indicators of endometrial receptivity.
- Detecting pinopodes may offer clinical utility for optimizing embryo transfer.
- Further research on endometrial ultrastructure continues to reveal insights into reproductive processes.