[Attachment theory: a biological basis for the patient-physician relation?]

Attachment theory is an evolutionary sociobiological theory of development which postulates that the propensity to make emotional bonds to a differentiated and preferred person, conceived as stronger and/or wiser, is a basic component of human nature, distinct from feeding and sexuality. Attachment behavior is present in germinal form in the neonate and continues to be present "from the cradle to the grave". When faced with loss, threat, distress or illness we tend to seek out an attachment figure from which we can obtain protection. Attachment theory has implications for the patient-doctor relationship. The doctor who is responsive to the patient's verbal and nonverbal attachment signals may be seen as a supplementary attachment figure. Doctors are powerful social figures, expected to manifest appropriate empathic behavior upon encountering the biologically grounded need for attention and listening.