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Future directions for treatment in forensic psychiatry
1Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London. j.gunn@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Background:
As the availability of mental hospital beds has fallen, so the number of people in prison has risen.
Aims:
To review current policy trends in British forensic psychiatry and put them in an international context.
Method:
Literature on the prevalence rates of psychiatric disorder in prisons and jails has been examined for the USA, England & Wales and New Zealand.
Results:
All studies show a high prevalence of mental disorder in prisons and jails. Authors in the USA suggest that prisons are replacing mental hospitals. In England & Wales rates of psychosis are reported as 4-10% for remanded prisoners and 2-7% for sentenced prisoners. Substance misuse among prisoners is a major problem. Prison is the preferred place of disposal for large numbers of mentally disordered people. Does this matter? Why should this be the case? Is this the cheapest option? Politicians are considering new powers to direct more people into institutions (presumably prisons) on the grounds of public protection.
Conclusions:
We need more information about attitudes and their formation. We need more interprofessional dialogue about the best arrangements for people with mental disorders, and inter-disciplinary education.