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Allergy and the gut.

S C Bischoff1, J H Mayer, M P Manns

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. bischoff.stephan@mh-hannover.de

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
|June 1, 2000
PubMed
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Food allergies can affect the gut, impacting 1-2% of adults with symptoms like nausea and diarrhea. Research is ongoing to improve diagnosis and understand mechanisms beyond IgE-dependent reactions.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Food allergy's relevance to intestinal issues has been debated, but studies confirm gut allergic reactions.
  • Estimated prevalence in adults is 1-2%, with unspecific symptoms like nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of food allergy-related enteropathy.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and therapeutic approaches.
  • To highlight future research directions in intestinal food allergy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on food allergy and the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods, including oral food challenges and endoscopic provocation tests.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies, primarily elimination diets.

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Main Results:

  • Intestinal mast cells and eosinophils are implicated in food-allergy-related enteropathy.
  • Mast cell activation involves IgE-dependent and independent pathways (e.g., IL-4).
  • Current diagnostic methods, like blinded oral challenges, have limitations, prompting development of new tests.

Conclusions:

  • Despite diagnostic challenges, food allergy significantly impacts the gut.
  • Future research should explore IgE-independent mechanisms, cross-reactivity, and links to inflammatory bowel diseases.