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Memory conformity: exploring misinformation effects when presented by another person.

D B Wright1, G Self, C Justice

  • 1University of Bristol, UK.

British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
|June 1, 2000
PubMed
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Social influence impacts memory reports. Discussing events with others can alter recall accuracy, with higher confidence predicting persuasion in memory conformity studies.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Memory is not a perfect recording and can be influenced by external factors.
  • Post-event information, especially from social interactions, is a known memory modifier.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of social influence on memory accuracy through two experiments.
  • To examine how misinformation and accurate post-event information affect memory reports.
  • To explore the role of confidence in memory conformity.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Recognition memory test for cars with manipulated post-event information (accurate vs. misinformation).
  • Experiment 2: Memory recall for a crime scenario after discussion with a confederate who witnessed a slightly different version.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of confidence ratings to predict conformity.

    • Main Results:

    • A reliable effect of memory conformity was observed in both experiments.
    • Misinformation decreased memory accuracy, while accurate information increased it.
    • Post-discussion memory conformity was high, and confidence ratings predicted persuasion.

    Conclusions:

    • Social interactions significantly impact individual memory reports.
    • Eyewitness testimony can be unreliable due to post-event information and social influence.
    • Findings have implications for police interviewing techniques and legal proceedings.