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Time poverty increases self-dehumanization through undermining belief in free will.

Xinying Jiang1, Xiaomin Sun1

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Feeling constantly rushed, or experiencing time poverty, increases self-dehumanization by weakening belief in free will. This psychological cost impacts self-perception, even when controlling for other factors.

Keywords:
belief in free willchronic time pressureself‐dehumanizationsocial cognitiontime poverty

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Time poverty is a global issue affecting cognition and well-being.
  • Its impact on self-perception and humanity is largely unknown.
  • An accelerated lifestyle may have unforeseen psychological consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between time poverty and self-dehumanization.
  • To test the hypothesis that time poverty undermines belief in free will, leading to self-dehumanization.
  • To explore the psychological costs of an accelerated lifestyle on self-perception.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies with 994 participants were conducted.
  • Correlational analysis examined the relationship between time poverty and self-dehumanization.
  • Experimental designs manipulated recalled experiences and belief in free will to establish causal mediation.

Main Results:

  • A positive correlation was found between time poverty and self-dehumanization.
  • Recalling rushed experiences significantly increased self-dehumanization.
  • Belief in free will was identified as a causal mediator in the relationship between time poverty and self-dehumanization.
  • These findings remained significant after controlling for financial poverty, social connectedness, money prioritization, and mood.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic time poverty contributes to self-dehumanization.
  • Undermining belief in free will is a key mechanism through which time poverty affects self-perception.
  • The psychological toll of an accelerated lifestyle extends to diminished sense of self-humanity.