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Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

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Hawks, doves, and mixed-symmetry games.

¹Center for Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior and T. H. Morgan School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA.

Journal of Theoretical Biology

|June 2, 2000

Summary

The generalized hawk-dove game models aggression in social interactions. Larger individuals are aggressive, smaller ones are not, with a clear size threshold for behavior in continuous populations.

Area of Science:

Evolutionary Game Theory
Behavioral Ecology
Social Interactions

Background:

The hawk-dove game is a foundational model for understanding aggression in social interactions.
Previous models often assumed symmetric interactions, limiting applicability to populations with varying individual attributes.
Resource holding power, often represented by 'size', is a critical factor in aggressive encounters.

Purpose of the Study:

To generalize the hawk-dove game (GHD) to accommodate interactions between individuals of differing 'sizes' (resource holding power).
To analyze evolutionary stable strategies (ESSs) under varying information conditions regarding individual sizes.
To investigate the impact of size asymmetry on the evolution of aggressive behavior.

Main Methods:

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Development and application of a generalized hawk-dove game (GHD) model.

Utilized recently developed methods for multitype evolutionary games.

Analysis of three information scenarios: symmetric (no size info), asymmetric (relative size known), and mixed-symmetry (own or opponent's size known).

Main Results:

Identified and compared ESSs for the three information scenarios.
Proved the form and uniqueness of the ESS for the mixed-symmetry case.
In the mixed-symmetry case, a threshold size determines aggressive (larger) vs. non-aggressive (smaller) strategies.

Conclusions:

The generalized hawk-dove game provides a flexible framework for studying aggression with size-dependent interactions.
In continuous populations, a distinct size threshold emerges, separating aggressive from non-aggressive individuals.
Behavioral strategies in social interactions are significantly shaped by the interplay of aggression, resource holding power, and information availability.