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[Parvovirus B19 infection--an incidious chameleon]
K Broliden1, T Tolfvenstam, N Papadogiannakis
1Kliniskt virologiska laboratoriet, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm.
Abstract:
Parvovirus B19 is a common source of infection with a seroprevalence of 60-70 per cent in the adult population. The most common manifestation is erythema infectiosum ("fifth disease"), with exanthem, fever and upper airway symptoms in children. The infection can give rise to a multifaceted clinical picture and is probably underdiagnosed, particularly in risk groups (individuals with haemolytic anaemia or immunosuppression, and fetuses). Serological diagnosis can now be complemented with the demonstration of viral DNA using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test in various body fluids, or tissue biopsy. Recent years have witnessed manifest increase in clinical knowledge of parvovirus B19-associated complications, and their diagnosis and treatment.
Insights
Parvovirus B19 infection, common in adults, causes fifth disease in children. Diagnosis is improving with PCR testing, aiding in understanding and treating its complications.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Parvovirus B19 is a widespread human pathogen with 60-70% seroprevalence in adults.
- Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is the most recognized manifestation, particularly in children.
- The virus can cause diverse clinical presentations and is often underdiagnosed, especially in vulnerable populations.
Observation:
- Clinical manifestations are varied and can be complex.
- At-risk groups include individuals with hemolytic anemia, immunosuppression, and fetuses.
- Diagnosis is enhanced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viral DNA detection.
Findings:
- PCR testing in bodily fluids or tissue biopsies complements serological diagnosis.
- Recent advancements have significantly increased clinical understanding of Parvovirus B19 complications.
- Knowledge regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Parvovirus B19-associated conditions has advanced.
Implications:
- Improved diagnostic tools like PCR facilitate earlier and more accurate identification of Parvovirus B19 infections.
- Enhanced clinical knowledge supports better management strategies for patients, including those in high-risk groups.
- Further research into Parvovirus B19 pathogenesis and complications is warranted to optimize patient outcomes.