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Oncogenes and thyroid cancer.

G Vecchio1, M Santoro

  • 1Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Napoli, Federico II Naples, Italy.

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
|June 2, 2000
PubMed
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Genetic mutations correlate with thyroid tumor types. Ras gene mutations are common in follicular tumors, RET/PTC rearrangements in papillary cancers, and p53 mutations in anaplastic carcinomas.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Human thyroid tumors originate from follicular cells or parafollicular C-cells.
  • Follicular cell tumors range from benign adenomas to differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas.
  • Parafollicular C-cell tumors include medullary thyroid carcinoma, often linked to familial syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate specific genetic lesions with distinct thyroid tumor phenotypes.
  • To investigate the genetic basis of different thyroid cancer types.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms driving thyroid tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic mutations (e.g., ras, RET, p53) in human thyroid tumor samples.
  • Identification of gene rearrangements, specifically RET/PTC chimeric genes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Correlation of genetic findings with histological classification of thyroid tumors.

    • Main Results:

    • Ras gene mutations are frequent in follicular adenomas and carcinomas.
    • RET/PTC gene rearrangements occur in approximately 50% of papillary thyroid cancers.
    • p53 tumor suppressor mutations are associated with anaplastic carcinomas.
    • Point mutations in the RET gene are found in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma syndromes (FMTC, MEN2A, MEN2B).

    Conclusions:

    • Specific genetic alterations are strongly associated with distinct thyroid tumor types.
    • Understanding these genetic lesions provides insight into thyroid cancer development and classification.
    • Targeted therapies may be developed based on these identified genetic drivers.