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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability: Overview01:17

Bioavailability: Overview

291
Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in its active, unaltered form. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the effectiveness of a drug in achieving its intended therapeutic outcomes. The route of administration significantly influences bioavailability, with intravenous administration achieving 100% bioavailability as the drug directly enters the bloodstream. In contrast, oral administration often results in...
291
Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

284
Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
284
Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems

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Body:Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug...
137
Bioavailability: Overview01:13

Bioavailability: Overview

3.9K
Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
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Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination01:23

Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination

7.8K
When a drug is taken orally, it undergoes a journey starting from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, passing through the portal vein, reaching the liver, and finally entering the systemic circulation. This process involves the absorption of the drug across the GI tract. The liver is the primary site for metabolizing the drug, with some metabolism also occurring in the gut wall. This journey significantly reduces the quantity of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

462
Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
462

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Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes
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[Bioavailability of antibiotics].

P Y Robert, A Tassy

    Journal Francais D'Ophtalmologie
    |June 9, 2000
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Effective antibiotics require therapeutic concentrations at infection sites. This review details topical and systemic antibiotic bioavailability for ocular infections, highlighting key penetrating agents and delivery enhancements.

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    Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Pharmacology

    Context:

    • Antibiotic effectiveness hinges on achieving therapeutic concentrations at the infection site.
    • Understanding antibiotic bioavailability is crucial for treating localized infections, particularly in the eye.
    • Ocular infections present unique challenges for antibiotic penetration and efficacy.

    Purpose:

    • To review the bioavailability of local and systemic antibiotics for treating ocular infections.
    • To identify antibiotics with optimal intra-corneal and intra-cameral penetration.
    • To explore factors influencing antibiotic penetration into ocular tissues.

    Summary:

    • Topical fluoroquinolones and fusidic acid demonstrate superior intra-corneal and intra-cameral penetration.
    • Systemic antibiotics like fosfomycin, imipenem, certain cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and ureidopenicillins can achieve therapeutic ocular levels.
    • Factors such as infection, corneal abrasion, dosing frequency, and biomaterial reservoirs enhance antibiotic penetration.

    Impact:

    • Informs clinical decisions on selecting appropriate antibiotics, dosing, and routes for ocular infections.
    • Highlights the role of antibiotic-antiinflammatory combinations in improving site accessibility.
    • Provides insights into optimizing antibiotic delivery for challenging ocular infections.