Effects of length oscillation on the subsequent force development in swine tracheal smooth muscle

It has been shown that deep inspiration (DI) taken before application of bronchoconstricting stimuli causes a reduction in the subsequent bronchoconstriction; a fast DI has a greater inhibitory effect than a slow DI. We hypothesize that periodic length changes imposed on a relaxed airway smooth muscle (ASM) would attenuate subsequent bronchoconstriction by disrupting the organization of the contractile apparatus, and this could be an important mechanism for the observed bronchoprotective effect of DI and tidal breathing. Length oscillations of different amplitude, frequency, and duration were applied to a relaxed muscle. The effects of such perturbations on force development were then assessed. Results show that oscillations reduce the subsequent force generation and that the magnitude of force reduction is proportional to amplitude and duration of the length oscillation. After the oscillation, isometric force recovered to the preoscillation level in a series of isometric contractions, and the rate of recovery was facilitated by frequent stimulation. The in vitro behavior of ASM found in this study could account for the observed temporary reduction in bronchoconstriction subsequent to a DI.