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Pneumococcal disease in Australia.

J M Forrest1, P B McIntyre, M A Burgess

  • 1National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS), Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, New South Wales.

Communicable Diseases Intelligence
|June 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Pneumococcal disease epidemiology varies globally and within Australia, affecting the young and elderly. Surveillance and vaccination strategies, including new conjugate vaccines for children, are crucial for disease control.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Pneumococcal disease epidemiology exhibits global variations, particularly between developing and developed nations, and indigenous versus non-indigenous populations.
  • The pneumococcus bacterium disproportionately affects the very young and the elderly worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the proceedings of the Pneumococcal Disease in Australia Workshop held in March 1999.
  • To discuss the epidemiology, clinical aspects, and public health surveillance of pneumococcal disease in Australia.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of data sources on pneumococcal disease across Australian States.
  • Review of clinical presentations of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal infections.
  • Examination of the role of public health laboratories in national surveillance of serotypes and antimicrobial sensitivity.

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Main Results:

  • Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for individuals over 65 and at-risk groups.
  • Current free vaccine supply is limited to Victoria and indigenous Australians over 50.
  • Conjugate vaccines are anticipated for licensing in the USA in early 2000, with Australian indigenous children as a priority.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted vaccination strategies are essential for controlling pneumococcal disease.
  • Indigenous children in rural Australia are a priority for new conjugate vaccine implementation.
  • Ongoing surveillance of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance is critical for effective public health interventions.