Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Smallpox

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...

Rabies

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Participant centred safety surveillance of health care workers receiving influenza vaccination.

Vaccine·2019

Same author

Estimating the critical immunity threshold for preventing hepatitis A outbreaks in men who have sex with men.

Epidemiology and infection·2015

Same author

Public health physicians: here to help.

Internal medicine journal·2011

Same author

Transmission of hepatitis C virus to recipients of parenteral vitamin therapy in a primary care facility.

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·2011

Same author

Designated "no smoking" areas provide from partial to no protection from environmental tobacco smoke.

Tobacco control·2004

Same author

Books as carriers of disease.

The Medical journal of Australia·2002

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Published on: July 10, 2014

Varicella vaccine in post-exposure prophylaxis.

¹South Eastem Sydney Public Health Unit, Locked Bag 88, Randwick, NSW, Australia 2031. fersonm@sesahs.nsw.gov.au

Communicable Diseases Intelligence

|March 31, 2001

Summary

Oka-based varicella vaccines show effectiveness when given to children within 3 days of exposure to the varicella zoster virus. Some vaccinated children may still develop mild, infectious chickenpox, particularly after household exposure.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Vaccinology

Background:

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox, a highly contagious disease.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) strategies for VZV are crucial for disease control.
Oka-based varicella vaccines are widely used for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To review evidence on the effectiveness of Oka-based varicella vaccines for post-exposure prophylaxis of VZV.
To assess the utility of vaccination in domestic and healthcare settings.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of existing evidence on Oka-derived varicella vaccine administration post-VZV exposure.
Analysis of vaccine effectiveness in children and consideration of adult populations.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Published on: July 10, 2014

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Main Results:

Evidence supports post-exposure vaccination in children within 3 days of rash onset in the index case.
A small percentage of vaccinated children may still contract mild, infectious chickenpox, especially with household exposure.
Controlled studies on adult PEP with Varilrix and Varivax II are lacking.

Conclusions:

Oka-based varicella vaccination can be effective as post-exposure prophylaxis in children.
Further research is needed for adult populations and broader application in community and healthcare settings.