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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...

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Investigating Intestinal Inflammation in DSS-induced Model of IBD
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Published on: February 1, 2012

Pathogenesis of bleeding colonic diverticulosis.

M A Meyers, D R Alonso, G F Gray

    Gastroenterology
    |October 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Severe rectal bleeding from colonic diverticulosis is often caused by specific vascular changes. These include asymmetric rupture and intimal thickening of the vasa recta within diverticula, leading to massive hemorrhage.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Vascular Biology
    • Colorectal Surgery

    Background:

    • Colonic diverticulosis is a common condition.
    • Severe rectal hemorrhage is a serious complication of colonic diverticulosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the cause of severe rectal hemorrhage in patients with colonic diverticulosis.
    • To investigate the specific vascular changes associated with bleeding diverticula.

    Main Methods:

    • Arteriographic and microangiographic techniques were used to localize bleeding sites.
    • Serial histological sections were analyzed to study vascular lesions.
    • Control colonic diverticula were examined for comparison.

    Main Results:

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  • In 8 of 10 cases, the cause of bleeding was identified.
  • Consistent vascular changes were observed: asymmetric rupture of vasa recta towards the diverticular lumen, eccentric intimal thickening, and medial thinning or duplication of the internal elastic lamina at the bleeding site.
  • Diverticulitis was generally absent in bleeding cases.

    • Conclusions:

    • Specific angioarchitectural changes in colonic diverticula predispose to massive bleeding.
    • Traumatic factors within the diverticulum likely induce vascular proliferation and scarring, leading to vasa recta rupture and hemorrhage.