Industrial dental erosion: a cross-sectional, comparative study

Area of Science:

• Occupational Health
• Dental Science
• Environmental Health

Background:

• Occupational exposure to sulphuric acid mist (H2SO4) poses a significant health risk.
• The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommends a threshold limit value-time weighted average (TLV-TWA) of 1 mg/m3 for H2SO4.
• Dental erosion is a concern in industrial settings with potential for acid exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the prevalence and severity of dental erosion in male workers occupationally exposed to sulphuric acid mist versus unexposed workers.
• To investigate the association between H2SO4 exposure levels and the occurrence of dental erosion.
• To assess subjective symptoms like tooth pain and sensitivity related to H2SO4 exposure.

Main Methods:

• A single-blind comparative study was conducted in a South African electro-winning facility.
• 103 male workers exposed to H2SO4 (0.3-1 mg/m3) were compared with 102 unexposed workers (0.1-0.3 mg/m3).
• Data collection involved questionnaires on habits and oral function perceptions, alongside clinical examinations for dental erosion prevalence and severity.

Main Results:

• Dental erosion was present in 96% of exposed subjects and 75% of unexposed subjects.
• Exposed subjects had a significantly higher likelihood of developing dental erosion (Odds Ratio = 5.531).
• The severity of tooth surface loss was significantly greater in the exposed group (P = 0.001), with anterior teeth most affected.

Conclusions:

• Occupational exposure to sulphuric acid mist is strongly associated with increased prevalence and severity of dental erosion.
• Workers exposed to H2SO4 experience more dental pain and sensitivity.
• Findings underscore the need for stringent exposure controls to mitigate dental health risks in occupational settings.