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Related Experiment Videos

Clock-drawing: is it the ideal cognitive screening test?

K I Shulman1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada. ken.shulman@swchs.on.ca

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
|June 22, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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The clock-drawing test is a valuable cognitive screening tool, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity for detecting cognitive impairment. It effectively assesses executive functions and aids in early dementia detection and monitoring cognitive changes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The clock-drawing test (CDT) is increasingly used as a cognitive screening instrument.
  • Extensive literature exists on its psychometric properties and clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on the CDT's value.
  • To assess the CDT's utility based on defined criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search (Medline, Psycho-info, 1983-1998).
  • Review of original scoring systems and replication studies.
  • Analysis of psychometric data, including correlations and reliability.

Main Results:

  • Mean sensitivity and specificity of the CDT are 85%.

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  • High correlations (r > 0.5) with the Mini-Mental State Examination and other cognitive tests.
  • Excellent inter-rater and test-re-test reliability, sensitivity to cognitive change, and predictive validity.

    • Conclusions:

    • The CDT meets criteria for a cognitive screening instrument.
    • It assesses executive functions, is easy to administer, and well-accepted by subjects.
    • The CDT complements the Mini-Mental State Examination for early dementia detection and cognitive change monitoring.