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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Published on: August 26, 2013

The evolutionarily conserved BMP-binding protein Twisted gastrulation promotes BMP signalling.

M Oelgeschläger¹, J Larraín, D Geissert

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1662, USA.

|June 24, 2000

Summary

Xenopus Twisted gastrulation (xTsg) acts as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling agonist. It dislodges latent BMPs, enabling high BMP signaling crucial for embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning.

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Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor ß Family Cleavage Products Secreted Into the Blastocoele of Xenopus laevis Embryos

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

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Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay

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Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor ß Family Cleavage Products Secreted Into the Blastocoele of Xenopus laevis Embryos

Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor ß Family Cleavage Products Secreted Into the Blastocoele of Xenopus laevis Embryos

Published on: July 21, 2021

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Dorsal-ventral patterning in embryos relies on a conserved extracellular protein system.
Key components include bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), BMP antagonists (Chordin/Short gastrulation), and metalloproteinases (Xolloid/Tolloid).

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize Xenopus Twisted gastrulation (xTsg) and its role in the BMP signaling pathway.
To elucidate the molecular mechanism of xTsg in embryonic patterning.

Main Methods:

Expression analysis of xTsg in Xenopus embryos.
Biochemical assays to determine BMP-binding properties of xTsg.
Investigating the interaction between xTsg, BMPs, and Chordin fragments.

Main Results:

xTsg is expressed ventrally as part of the BMP-4 synexpression group.
xTsg encodes a secreted BMP-binding protein that functions as a BMP signaling agonist.
xTsg dislodges latent BMPs from Chordin fragments generated by Xolloid cleavage, promoting BMP signaling.

Conclusions:

xTsg plays a critical role in facilitating BMP signaling during embryonic development.
The findings suggest a mechanism where xTsg enhances BMP activity by releasing bound BMPs.
Comparative analysis with Drosophila Tsg supports evolutionary hypotheses regarding dorsal-ventral axis inversion.