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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Electroretinogram Recording for Infants and Children under Anesthesia to Achieve Optimal Dark Adaptation and International Standards
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Corneal electroretinograms in children without sedation.

M F Marmor

    Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology
    |March 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pediatric electroretinograms (ERGs) can be successfully performed using only topical anesthesia, without general anesthesia or sedation. This method allows for clear evaluation of cone and rod systems in children, challenging common clinical assumptions.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatric Medicine
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Physicians often assume general anesthesia or sedation is required for pediatric electroretinograms (ERGs).
    • This assumption leads to reluctance in ordering ERGs for children, potentially delaying diagnosis.
    • Contact lens ERGs are a standard diagnostic tool in ophthalmology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To challenge the assumption that general anesthesia or sedation is necessary for pediatric ERGs.
    • To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of performing contact lens ERGs using only topical anesthesia in children.
    • To assess the quality and diagnostic value of ERG recordings obtained under topical anesthesia.

    Main Methods:

    • A study was conducted on 30 consecutively referred children aged five months to six years.

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  • Routine contact lens electroretinograms (ERGs) were performed using only topical anesthesia.
  • Mild physical restraint was employed when necessary.
  • Oscilloscopic ERG recordings were obtained and analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful oscilloscopic ERGs were obtained from all 30 children.
    • While records were less stable than in adults, response amplitude, waveform, and timing were always evaluable.
    • The cone and rod systems could be clearly differentiated in all recordings.
    • Topical anesthesia alone was sufficient for obtaining diagnostic ERG data.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatric electroretinograms (ERGs) can be reliably performed using only topical anesthesia.
    • The findings challenge the necessity of general anesthesia or sedation for pediatric ERGs.
    • This approach facilitates the use of ERGs in pediatric ophthalmology, improving diagnostic capabilities.