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Degenerative spinal disease in large felids
C Kolmstetter1, L Munson, E C Ramsay
1Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901-1071, USA.
Summary
Degenerative spinal disease, including intervertebral disc disease and spondylosis, is a significant health issue in large nondomestic felids like lions and tigers. This condition, often seen in older animals, causes mobility problems and spinal cord damage.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Neurology
- Comparative Pathology
- Zoological Medicine
Background:
- Degenerative spinal disorders are rare in domestic cats but appear prevalent in large nondomestic felids.
- A retrospective study examined medical records, radiographs, and necropsy reports of large nondomestic felids from 1976-1996.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of degenerative spinal disease in large nondomestic felids.
- To correlate clinical signs, radiographic findings, and necropsy results.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of medical records, radiographic data, and necropsy reports.
- Examination of spinal columns for intervertebral disc disease and spondylosis.
- Histological examination of spinal cords in affected animals.
Main Results:
- Eight of the studied large felids (lions, tigers, leopard) were diagnosed with degenerative spinal disease.
- Clinical signs included decreased activity, hind limb muscle atrophy, paresis, and ataxia, typically starting around 18 years of age.
- Radiographic and necropsy findings revealed multifocal lesions, disc herniation, vertebral instability, and spinal cord damage.
Conclusions:
- Degenerative spinal disease is an important health concern in geriatric large nondomestic felids.
- Radiographic evaluation is crucial for diagnosing and assessing the severity of spinal lesions.
- Spinal disease should be suspected in older large felids exhibiting decreased activity or appetite.
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