Spinal lipomatous malformations

Spinal lipomatous malformations (SLM) include all the closed neural tube defects (NTD) with excessive lipomatous tissue in the spinal cord or filum terminale. We evaluated 65 cases of SLM seen & operated at our department in the last 7 years. Of these only 9 were asymptomatic and 8 were below 2 years of age. There were more males than females. In addition to subcutaneous lipoma many patients also had hypertrichiosis and dermal sinus as cutaneous makes. Twenty patients had foot deformity and 5 had unilateral limb shortening. Sixty-two patients had MRI and 3 had CT myelogram for evaluation. These revealed 7 patients with Chiari malformations, 10 with focal syrinx and 2 patients underwent VP shunt for hydrocephalus. Sacral agenesis was seen in 5 patients. Clinical features were similar to other cases of spinal dysraphism except that sensory loss and trophic ulcer were more frequent. Intradural lipoma and tethering was seen in 18 cases whereas intramedullary lipoma & conus lipoma was seen in 40 & 7 cases respectively. Additional tethering lesion was seen in 1/3 cases and was treated simultaneously. Preoperative deficits improved in 28 cases and stabilized in 33 cases. Three patients developed fresh deficits after surgery. We observed 8 CSF leaks and 4 wound infections in postoperative period. It is very clear from our data that a patient has about 95% chances that his neurological status may improve or stabilize following surgery and the risk of developing fresh deficits is about 5%. We, therefore, suggest that all patients of SLM should be treated with aggressive surgical management for best results.