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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...

Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota

Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota

The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...

Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota

Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota

The phylum Verrucomicrobiota comprises at least four characterized orders, with most species classified within the order Verrucomicrobiotales. Members of this phylum are either aerobic or facultatively aerobic, with the ability to ferment sugars. A notable exception is the genus Methylacidiphilum, which consists of aerobic methanotrophs. Additionally, some Verrucomicrobiota establish symbiotic relationships with protists. These bacteria are widely distributed across various environments,...

Reservoir of Infection

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Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

Cholera

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species

Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species

Published on: November 8, 2016

Chromobacterium violaceum diarrhea.

M Ballal¹, P Kini, D Rajeshwari

¹Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College & Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

|July 8, 2000

Summary

This case study reports the first instance of Chromobacterium violaceum diarrhea in coastal Karnataka. A young girl recovered fully after treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin.

Area of Science:

Medical Microbiology
Infectious Diseases
Clinical Case Reports

Background:

Chromobacterium violaceum is an opportunistic pathogen.
Diarrheal disease is common in children.
Coastal Karnataka is an area with specific environmental factors.

Observation:

A 2-year-10-month-old girl presented with diarrhea.
Stool culture confirmed Chromobacterium violaceum infection.

Findings:

The isolated Chromobacterium violaceum strain was sensitive to ampicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and septran.
The patient experienced a complete recovery.

Implications:

This highlights the potential for Chromobacterium violaceum to cause diarrheal illness in pediatric populations.

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Quantifying Vibrio cholerae Colonization and Diarrhea in the Adult Zebrafish Model

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Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Further surveillance may be warranted in coastal regions.