[Idiopathic epilepsy in the child]

Study of idiopathic epilepsy in childhood can distinguish various syndromes on the basis of clinical and electroencephalographic criteria. There is much overlapping between the syndromes described. The aim of the classification is to define precisely the prognosis of each disorder and to approach treatment effectively and safely, avoiding aggravation of a condition by poorly adapted prescription. The main distinction is between partial seizures, among which the principal is centro-temporal with spikes, and generalised seizures of which the most common are absence epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Since the phenotypes are well defined, molecular genetic studies should lead to better knowledge of the complex biochemical mechanisms of idiopathic epilepsy. Seizures that occur without lesions are well managed by treatment in most cases and have a good psychosocial prognosis. The possibility of acquiring autonomy, familial overprotection, restrictions and interdictions must all be kept in mind in the psychological, social and educational handling of persons with epilepsy, most of which are benign cases.