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The endothelin system in normal human colon.

G Egidy1, L Juillerat-Jeanneret, P Korth

  • 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Collège de France, Paris, France.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
|July 18, 2000
PubMed
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The endothelin (ET)-1 system is present throughout the normal human colon, including in epithelial cells, blood vessels, and nerves. This suggests ET-1 plays a key role in gut function as both a neuroactive and vasoactive peptide.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Endothelin (ET)-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor and mitogenic peptide with diverse biological effects.
  • The role of the ET-1 system in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon, is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise cellular distribution of the ET-1 system components within the normal human colon wall.
  • To identify the potential physiological roles of ET-1 in the gut.

Main Methods:

  • In situ hybridization was used to detect messenger RNA (mRNA) for ET-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), prepro-ET-1 (PPET-1), and ET(A) and ET(B) receptors.
  • (125)I-ET-1 binding assays were performed to localize ET-1 receptors.

Main Results:

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  • ECE-1 mRNA was found in colon vessels, epithelium, and macrophages.
  • PPET-1 mRNA showed a similar distribution, with additional presence in mucosal microvessels.
  • ET(A) and ET(B) receptor mRNAs were abundant in the lamina propria, myofibroblasts, microvessels, and mononuclear cells, with ET(A) being more prevalent.
  • ET(B) receptors were localized along crypts and nerve fibers, while ET(A) receptors were found in glia.

Conclusions:

  • The complete ET-1 system, including its precursor, converting enzyme, and receptors, is expressed in the normal human colon mucosa.
  • The presence of the entire ET system suggests its involvement in characteristic colonic functions.
  • ET-1 likely acts as both a neuroactive and vasoactive peptide in the gut.